I would say it’s probably best to replace the disk at this point: I’ve had 4 or 5 hard disk failures over the years and chkdisk/ SMART reporting has never picked up the failure beforehand.
The behaviour does sound like a poorly disk. I would personally recommend a SSD replacement: they are quite inexpensive these days and will almost certainly perform a lot better too. Along with the benefit of being completely silent and not at all sensitive to the laptop being moved around while in operation.